MyCAT基础架构准备
环境准备
- 两台虚拟机
db01
,db02
,每台创建四个实例3307
,3308
,3309
,3310
- 使用以下命令,清空之前的数据库内容和日志
| |
| pkill mysqld |
| rm -rf /data/330* |
| mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak |
准备文件和目录
创建相关目录初始化数据
| |
| mkdir -p /data/33{07..10}/data |
| mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql |
| mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql |
| mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql |
| mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql |
准备db01配置文件和启动脚本
| |
| |
| cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3307/data |
| socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock |
| port=3307 |
| log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=7 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3308/data |
| port=3308 |
| socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock |
| log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=8 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3309/data |
| socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock |
| port=3309 |
| log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=9 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3310/data |
| socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock |
| port=3310 |
| log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=10 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
准备db02配置文件和启动脚本
| |
| |
| cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3307/data |
| socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock |
| port=3307 |
| log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=17 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3308/data |
| port=3308 |
| socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock |
| log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=18 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3309/data |
| socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock |
| port=3309 |
| log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=19 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF |
| [mysqld] |
| basedir=/application/mysql |
| datadir=/data/3310/data |
| socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock |
| port=3310 |
| log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log |
| log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin |
| binlog_format=row |
| skip-name-resolve |
| server-id=20 |
| gtid-mode=on |
| enforce-gtid-consistency=true |
| log-slave-updates=1 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
| |
| cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF |
| [Unit] |
| Description=MySQL Server |
| Documentation=man:mysqld(8) |
| Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html |
| After=network.target |
| After=syslog.target |
| [Install] |
| WantedBy=multi-user.target |
| [Service] |
| User=mysql |
| Group=mysql |
| ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf |
| LimitNOFILE = 5000 |
| EOF |
修改权限,启动多实例
| |
| |
| chown -R mysql.mysql /data/* |
| systemctl start mysqld33{07,08,09,10} |
| |
| #查看启动情况 |
| systemctl status mysqld33{07,08,09,10} |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" |
节点主从规划

箭头指向所指代表主库,或互为主从,正常情况下为1主3从
- 10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
- 10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
- 10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
- 10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
- 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
- 10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
shard1分片规划
- Master:10.0.0.51:3307
- slave1:10.0.0.51:3309
- Standby Master:10.0.0.52:3307
- slave2:10.0.0.52:3309
shard2分片规划
- Master:10.0.0.52:3308
- slave1:10.0.0.52:3310
- Standby Master:10.0.0.51:3308
- slave2:10.0.0.51:3310
配置主从
第一组节点配置主从
| |
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456' with grant option;" |
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
| |
| #db02 |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
| |
| # 10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307 |
| |
| #db01 |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
| |
| # 10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307 |
| |
| #db02 |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
第二组节点配置主从
| |
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456' with grant option;" |
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
| |
| #db01 |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
| |
| # 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308 |
| |
| #db02 |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
| |
| # 10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308 |
| |
| #db01 |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';" |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |
配置完成后检查主从状态
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes |
| |
| #如果中间出现错误,在每个节点进行执行以下命令,重新开始即可 |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" |
| mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" |
| mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" |
MyCAT安装
预先安装Java运行环境
yum install -y java
下载
镜像地址
Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190627191042-linux.tar.gz
| |
| cd /application |
| tar -xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190627191042-linux.tar.gz |
软件目录结构
| [root@db01 mycat]# ll |
| 总用量 12 |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 190 4月 21 15:00 bin |
| drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 6月 24 2019 catlet |
| drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 4月 21 15:00 conf |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 21 15:00 lib |
| drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 6月 26 2019 logs |
| -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 227 6月 27 2019 version.txt |
启动和连接
配置环境变量
| |
| echo 'export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile |
| source /etc/profile |
启动mycat
| |
| mycat start |
| |
| mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066 |
数据库分布式架构方式
垂直拆分
水平拆分(range,取模,枚举,hash,时间)

主要配置文件介绍
- mycat/conf/rule.xml : 分片策略定义
- mycat/conf/schema.xml : 主配置文件
- mycat/conf/server.xml : mycat服务有关
- mycat/conf/log4j2.xml : 记录日志有关
- mycat/conf/*.txt : 分片策略使用的规则
用户创建及数据库导入
world.sql
| |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock |
| grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456'; |
| source /root/world.sql |
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock |
| grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456'; |
| source /root/world.sql |
配置文件结构介绍
| |
| <?xml version="1.0"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> |
| <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> |
| |
| <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> |
| </schema> |
| |
| <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mycat1" database= "world" /> |
| |
| <dataHost name="mycat1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| </mycat:schema> |
- mycat配置读写分离,备份原文件,创建新的配置文件,执行
mycat restart
命令重启mycat
mycat实现1主1从读写分离配置,写操作落到主库,读操作落到从库.如果主库宕机,从库不能在继续提供服务了
| #db01 |
| |
| cd /application/mycat/conf |
| mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak |
| vim schema.xml |
| |
| <?xml version="1.0"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> |
| <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> |
| <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> |
| </schema> |
| <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mycat1" database= "world" /> |
| <dataHost name="mycat1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| </mycat:schema> |
- mycat配置读写分离和高可用,备份原文件,创建新的配置文件,执行
mycat restart
命令重启mycat
mycat实现1主3从读写分离以及高可用配置,当写节点宕机后,后面跟的readhost也不提供服务,这时候standby的writehost就提供写服务变为1主1从读写分离
10.0.0.51:3307
真正的写节点,负责写操作
10.0.0.52:3307
准备写节点,负责读,当10.0.0.51:3307
宕掉,会切换为真正的写节点
| #db01 |
| |
| cd /application/mycat/conf |
| mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak |
| vim schema.xml |
| |
| <?xml version="1.0"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> |
| <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> |
| <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> |
| </schema> |
| <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mycat1" database= "world" /> |
| <dataHost name="mycat1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| </mycat:schema> |
配置参数属性介绍
balance="0"
,不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost
上
balance="1"
,全部的readHost
与standby writeHost
参与select语句的负载均衡,简单的说,当双主双从模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,并且M1与 M2互为主备),正常情况下,M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡
balance="2"
,所有读操作都随机的在writeHost
,readhost
上分发
writeType="0"
,所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost,
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost,重新启动后已切换后的为主,切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties
writeType="1"
,所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost,但不推荐使用
switchType="-1"
,表示不自动切换
switchType="1"
,默认值自动切换
switchType="2"
,基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换,心跳语句为show slave status;
- maxCon : 最大的并发连接数
- minCon : mycat在启动之后,会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
- tempReadHostAvailable="1" : 改参数在一主一从时(1个writehost,1个readhost时),可以开启这个参数,如果2个writehost,2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
监测心跳
Mycat高级应用-分布式解决方案
垂直拆分
- 垂直拆分,将压力大的表拆分到另一组实例上,分担数据库压力,备份原文件,创建新的配置文件,并创建测试库和表,执行
mycat restart
命令重启mycat
| #db01 |
| |
| cd /application/mycat/conf |
| mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak |
| vim schema.xml |
| |
| <?xml version="1.0"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> |
| <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> |
| <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> |
| <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/> |
| <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/> |
| </schema> |
| <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mycat1" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="mycat2" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataHost name="mycat1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| <dataHost name="mycat2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| </mycat:schema> |
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))"; |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))" |
| [root@db01 conf] |
| +------------------+ |
| | Tables_in_taobao | |
| +------------------+ |
| | user | |
| +------------------+ |
| [root@db01 conf] |
| +------------------+ |
| | Tables_in_taobao | |
| +------------------+ |
| | order_t | |
| +------------------+ |
| [root@db01 conf] |
| mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. |
| +------------------+ |
| | Tables_in_taobao | |
| +------------------+ |
| | order_t | |
| | user | |
| +------------------+ |
水平拆分
对一个有800w行数据的表进行水平拆分,有以下几种方案
- 范围
range
,1-400w
,400w-800w
- 取模
mod
,取余数
- 枚举
- 哈希
hash
- 时间,流水
Mycat分布式-范围分片
- 水平拆分,范围分片,将一张表根据设定的范围拆分到两组实例上,分担数据库压力,备份原文件,创建新的配置文件,并创建测试库和表,执行
mycat restart
命令重启mycat
| #db01 |
| |
| cd /application/mycat/conf |
| mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak |
| vim schema.xml |
| |
| <?xml version="1.0"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> |
| <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> |
| <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> |
| |
| <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" /> |
| </schema> |
| <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mycat1" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="mycat2" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataHost name="mycat1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| <dataHost name="mycat2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| </mycat:schema> |
- 根据
rule="auto-sharding-long"
,可以去rule.xml
中查看分片策略,找到auto-sharding-long
相关信息
| <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long"> |
| <rule> |
| <columns>id</columns> |
| <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm> |
| </rule> |
| </tableRule> |
| |
| |
| |
| <function name="rang-long" |
| class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong"> |
| <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property> |
| </function> |
- 查看
autopartition-long.txt
文件
- 修改
autopartition-long.txt
中的分片范围
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" |
| |
| mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 |
| |
| use TESTDB |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(10,'d'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd'); |
| insert into t3(id,name) values(20,'dd'); |
| [root@db01 conf] |
| +----+------+ |
| | id | name | |
| +----+------+ |
| | 1 | a | |
| | 2 | b | |
| | 3 | c | |
| | 10 | d | |
| +----+------+ |
| [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3;" |
| +----+------+ |
| | id | name | |
| +----+------+ |
| | 11 | aa | |
| | 12 | bb | |
| | 13 | cc | |
| | 14 | dd | |
| | 20 | dd | |
| +----+------+ |
Mycat分布式-取模分片
- 水平拆分,取模分片,将一张表根据取模规则拆分到两组实例上,分担数据库压力,备份原文件,创建新的配置文件,并创建测试库和表,执行mycat restart命令重启mycat
| #db01 |
| |
| cd /application/mycat/conf |
| mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak |
| vim schema.xml |
| |
| <?xml version="1.0"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> |
| <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> |
| <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> |
| |
| <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" /> |
| <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" /> |
| </schema> |
| <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mycat1" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="mycat2" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataHost name="mycat1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| <dataHost name="mycat2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| </mycat:schema> |
- 根据
rule="mod-long"
,可以去rule.xml
中查看分片策略,找到mod-long
相关信息
| <tableRule name="mod-long"> |
| <rule> |
| <columns>id</columns> |
| <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm> |
| </rule> |
| </tableRule> |
| |
| |
| <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"> |
| |
| |
| <property name="count">2</property> |
| </function> |
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" |
| |
| mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 |
| |
| use TESTDB |
| insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a'); |
| insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b'); |
| insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c'); |
| insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d'); |
| [root@db01 conf] |
| +----+------+ |
| | id | name | |
| +----+------+ |
| | 2 | b | |
| | 4 | d | |
| +----+------+ |
| [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;" |
| +----+------+ |
| | id | name | |
| +----+------+ |
| | 1 | a | |
| | 3 | c | |
| +----+------+ |
Mycat分布式-枚举分片
- 水平拆分,枚举分片,将一张表根据枚举规则拆分到两组实例上,分担数据库压力,备份原文件,创建新的配置文件,并创建测试库和表,执行mycat restart命令重启mycat
| #db01 |
| |
| cd /application/mycat/conf |
| mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak |
| vim schema.xml |
| |
| <?xml version="1.0"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> |
| <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> |
| <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> |
| |
| <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" /> |
| <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" /> |
| <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" /> |
| </schema> |
| <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mycat1" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="mycat2" database= "taobao" /> |
| <dataHost name="mycat1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| <dataHost name="mycat2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> |
| <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> |
| <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123456"> |
| <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123456" /> |
| </writeHost> |
| </dataHost> |
| </mycat:schema> |
- 根据
rule="sharding-by-intfile"
,可以去rule.xml
中查看分片策略,找到mod-long
相关信息
| <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"> |
| <rule> |
| <columns>name</columns> |
| <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>> |
| </rule> |
| </tableRule> |
| |
| |
| |
| <function name="hash-int" |
| class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> |
| <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property> |
| |
| <property name="type">1</property> |
| </function> |
- 查看
partition-hash-int.txt
文件
- 修改
partition-hash-int.txt
中的枚举规则
| |
| |
| mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" |
| mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" |
| |
| mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 |
| |
| use TESTDB |
| insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj'); |
| insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh'); |
| insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj'); |
| insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh'); |
| insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj'); |
| [root@db01 conf] |
| +----+------+ |
| | id | name | |
| +----+------+ |
| | 1 | bj | |
| | 3 | bj | |
| +----+------+ |
| [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;" |
| +----+------+ |
| | id | name | |
| +----+------+ |
| | 2 | sh | |
| | 4 | sh | |
| | 5 | tj | |
| +----+------+ |
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